Harry Brearley – Steel Manufacturer

Stainless steel has revolutionised almost every industry, it was invented by English metallurgist Harry Brearley.

Born in Sheffield, England, Harry Brearley quit school at the age to twelve to work in his father’s steelworks. Later, when he was working in the company’s chemical laboratory, he studied on his own and attended evening classes. 

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During his early thirties, Brearley had achieved great competence in resolving metallurgical, industrial, and practical problems associated with steel-making. With this reputation, he was asked to lead a joint-venture research laboratory.

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The invention of stainless steel

The practical problems encountered in arms due to erosion before the World War I was the driving factor for the invention of stainless steel. To address the problem of erosion caused by high temperature, Harry Brearley started researching new steels. He began experimenting with the addition of chromium into steel for raising the melting point. Initially, he called this alloy as “rustless steel” which was later suggested “stainless steel.” 

Apart from the envisioned high-temperature service, Brearley also started experimenting the alloy’s application in food-related areas such as cutlery, processing equipment, and saucepans. One of the main reasons for this was carbon-steel knives, up to that time, rusted which resulted in being unhygienic to use. Brearley also experimented the alloy with common food acids such as lemon juice and vinegar, and the results were promising.

Role of stainless steel in revolutionising the world

The invention of stainless steel brought a great change in the food-related realm amongst several other industries. According to The Guardian, materials used in making cutlery, such as copper and bronze, made foods taste bad up until stainless steel was invented.

Types of stainless steel

There are several types of stainless steel which are classified by their crystalline structure. Some of these include Austenitic (200 Series, 300 Series), Superaustenitic, Ferritic stainless steel, Martensitic stainless steel, Duplex stainless steel, and Precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel. Similarly, stainless steel has over 150 different grades and 15 out of them are commonly used.    

Applications of Stainless Steel

Stainless steel is used in several industries including:

Construction and Architecture

Stainless steel is used for both practical and aesthetic purpose in buildings. Other types of constructions may involve the use of ornamental stainless steel fixtures. The durability of stainless steel makes it feasible for uses in constructional practices. Stainless steel is most commonly used in Airports, Bridges, Monuments and Sculptures.

Medicine

As stainless steel can be easily sterilized in an autoclave, it is highly favoured in making surgical tools and equipment. Stainless steel is also used in surgical implants such as bone replacements and reinforcements such as cranial plates and hip sockets.
In dentistry, most instruments are made of stainless steel. Stainless steel alloys are also used in dental implants. 

Jewelry

Stainless steel alloys such as Valadium are commonly used in jewelry.

Other uses

Stainless steel finds extensive application in industries such as Firearms and 3D printing.

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